Vision Changes

Pathology	Description	Onset	B/L or U/L	Etiology	Other Sx	Method of Dx
Media
Corneal Edema:	Ground-glass appearance. Also see dull reflection of incident light.	Gradual		Most often from increased intraocular pressure
Cataract: lens opacity		Mostly gradual	Often U/L	commonly from aging . Also congenital, infection, injury,
Corneal Abrasion: burn or foreign body		Classically quick (trauma), but also from gradual wear/infx	U/L			Fluorescein Staining of Cornea
eg, Herpes Virus:			U/L, can become B/L
Pterygium: Triangular thickening of bulbar conjunctiva extending from the inner canthus to border of cornea		Gradual	Either
Keratitis: Inflammation of the cornea: eg, herpes simplex keratitis				Often h/o contact lens use. Also Herpes Simplex (which can lead to corneal ulceration)	Pain, blurry vision; No conjunctival edema or hyperemia

Pathology	Description	Onset	B/L or U/L	Etiology	Other Sx	Method of Dx
Conjuctivitis: Inflammation of the conjunctiva			Either	Many: bacterial, viral, allergic, etc	Itching, irritation , redness -- NO PAIN	Clinical, Gram Stain of Discharge
Subconjunctival Hemorrhage:			Usually U/L			Clinical
Episcleritis- Inflammation of the subconjunctival layers of the sclera (layers between the conj/sclera). Appears flat, involves more superficial tissue. Often sectional.				Possibly Allergic	Occasionally painful	Clinical
Scleritis - Superficial and deep Inflammation of the sclera. More serious then episcleritis.				Rare: May be assoc'd w/ systemic illness (eg, collagen, vascular, and rheumatoid diseases, focal infx, TB, ideopathic)	Usually accompanied by pain especially with pressure	Clinical
Iritis - Intra-ocular inflammation; aqueous clouding of post. cornea, reactive miosis and ( pupillary rxn. Hyperemia w/ edema and discolor'n of iris.				May follow blunt ocular trauma or be assoc'd w/ systemic illness	Pain, photophobia, tearing, blurry vision; Possibly irregular Pupils	Clinical

Media Ophthalmologic Pathology