Case #25

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Chief Complaint

Mr. John Smith, a 40-year old male comes to the office for a follow-up visit of his hypertension. After addressing the issues related to his hypertension, you begin to leave the room when the patient says, “By the way doc, I am so tired. I’ve been having trouble sleeping. Are sleeping pills all right to take?”

 

  1. Is this a problem that needs to be addressed at this office visit?
  2. How serious is insomnia? What impact does it have on one’s health?
  3. Are sleeping pills safe to take?
You decide that the nature of this problem is not urgent but needs to be addressed in a more detailed manner at a follow-up appointment. A week later, Mr. Smith returns for his appointment.

 

  1. What do you ask in the sleep history?

Social History

The patient denies any alcohol use or abuse, caffeine use, stimulants, or street drug abuse or history of it. Patient only takes thiazide diuretic for control of hypertension and denies nocturia. Patient denies palpitations, diaphoresis, tremor, or any other signs of thyroid disease. When asked if the patient sleeps alone, pt states "I never sleep alone and my partner never has any complaints." Past medical history is significant only for obesity and hypertension. Family history for sleep disorders is noncontributory. Patient denies psychiatry history. ROS: Pt. denies arthritis, burning sensation when eating foods, and abdominal pain associated with meals, or angina. Pt. denies leg weakness and pain when performing activities or at rest.

 

  1. What is your differential diagnosis for this patient? What causes insomnia?
  2. What are the areas to focus on when performing the physical exam?

Physical Examination

Findings from physical exam significant for:

Vital signs : Temp 38.1; blood pressure 150/80 ; pulse 80; respiration 16; weight 250 lb; height 5' 3"

Obese male, generally  awake/alert/oriented. Speech understandable and comprehensible, without slurring or hesitation.  No infection identified; uvula, palate are midline, noninflamed, and normal in size.  There are no masses palpable in the thyroid.  Chest wall absent for deformities, breathing is deep with regular rate, good air exchange without wheezes or egophony.  Heart exam within normal limits.  Abdominal exam within normal limits. Neurological exam is grossly intact.

 

 

  1. What labs would you order?

Test Results

Labs come back with elevated hemoglobin & hemocrit, normal WBCs, normal renal function, normal thyroid panel.

 

 

  1. What are you working diagnoses at this time?
  2. How would you manage this patient? What medication would you give, IF ANY? What other instructions do you give the patient?
The patient returns two weeks later with his daughter for her appointment. In passing you ask the patient how he was sleeping and he states that he is not having much success. He says that he has followed your recommendations and show you his sleep log record.  
Date Bedtime Sleep onset Awake time in bed  # arousals   Amt.time slept Exercise time  
6/2 9:00p 2:00am 5hours 0 3 hours  7:00pm
6/3 9:00p 1:30am 4.5 hours 0 3 ½ hours  ------
6/4 10:00p 1:45am 4 hours 15 min 1 3 hours 7:00pm
6/5 7:00p 10:00pm 3hours 4 3 hours  5pm
6/6 8:00p 1:00am 5hours  0 4 hours  7:00pm
6/7 2:00a 2:15am 15min 0 8 hours -------

(the same the next week)

  1. Describe the normal sleep pattern.
  2. How does this patient's sleep vary from normal and what are some of the possible diagnoses?
  3. What are some management options at this point?
The patient returns two weeks later with his wife for his follow-up appointment.  The patient’s daughter is doing well and her rash from poison ivy has resolved. You ask the patient how he is sleeping now? The patient says better, but the lights (the phototherapy) are bothersome hassle and his wife hates it. He states that he is sleeping more now and gets 6 hours of sleep but still is unrefreshed on awakening and sometimes finds himself napping through the day. He showed you his sleep log record.
Date Bedtime Sleep onset Awake time in bed  # arousals   Amt.time slept Exercise time  
6/30  8:30p 2:30am 30min 5 4:00pm   
7/1 10:00p 1:15am 3 hours 15 min 1 4  hours  ------
7/2 10:00p 12:39am 2 hours 39 min 2 5 hours 6:00pm
7/3 10:05p  10:30pm 25 min 0  6 hours   5 pm
7/4 10:20p 11:00pm 40 min  0 6 hours  5:00pm
7/5 2:00a 2:15am 15min 0 8 hours -------

(the same the next week)

  1. What does the sleep record reveal?
The wife states. “You need to do something about his sleeping. He snores so loud it is ridiculous. He keeps me up all night with that noise. When I finally get to sleep, he sometimes kicks me and wakes me up as he gasps for air.”

 

  1. What is your diagnosis now?
  2. What are some of the features of obstructive sleep apnea?
  3. What is your management plan now for this patient?
  4. What is a sleep polysomnogram? Who should get one?
  5. What are the treatment options for sleep apnea?

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This page was last updated on April 24, 2006
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