Case #17

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To complete the case during another session, go to the first page of the case and click the link above and then advance to the page where you left off. When finished with this session, click the Send button in the e-mail window. All materials copyrighted 2003 by Penn State University.

If you have completed case R, this is a review. Completion of this case will not be counted toward your assignment.


Chief Complaint

 

You are a family physician in a six-physician group practice. Mr. Todd Bender, a 34 year-old white male, presents to your office with the chief complaint of fatigue and sleeplessness. You briefly review the chart before entering the examination room, noting that he was last seen in the office one year ago following a minor MVA:

PMH/ PSH: 3 grand mal seizures as a child -- none since age 12
ACL repair - age 19
appendectomy - age 26
MEDS: none prescribed
ALLERGIES: NKDA
SOCIAL HX: married 9 years with a 6 year old son, employed as a chef in an upscale restaurant for the past three years, drinks a “few” beers on the weekend, smokes one pack of cigarettes per day since the age of 18, denies current or history of illicit drug use.

Upon entering the room, Mr. Bender slowly lifts his head and quietly says, "Hi Doc." You see a worried-appearing Mrs. Bender sitting beside her husband, rubbing his back. She quickly interjects before you have a chance to say anything, "Please Doctor, you have to help Todd -- he hasn't been sleeping, he's always tired...and he's been losing weight. His uncle was just diagnosed with lung cancer, and I want to make sure Todd doesn't have that -- I keep trying to get him to quit those darn cigarettes."

  1. What is your assessment of the situation? What are the concerns of the patient and his wife?
  2. What questions do you want to ask the patient at this point?
  3. What are the common causes of weight loss in a young man such as Mr. Bender?

Review of Symptoms

Mr. Bender denies the following: change in his usual morning cough and hemoptysis (helping to lower the concern for lung cancer), palpitations and heat intolerance (helping to rule out hyperthyroidism), nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, melena or hematochezia (helping to rule out GI causes of weight loss). He is not taking any medication. He is not trying to lose weight.
  1. What are the symptoms of depression that you would want to inquire about at this point?
  2. What are the diagnostic criteria for a Major Depressive Episode?
  3. Do all patients with a Major Depressive Episode have the diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder? Explain.

Review of Symptoms

Mr. Bender acknowledges feeling depressed over the past 4 weeks, stating "it just kept getting worse and worse." He has lost interest in playing on his softball team and has missed the past 7 games. He also says that when his son asks him to play, he is reluctant to do so, because he doesn't want his son to see him "like this". He feels sluggish and tired, and states it all seems "worthless - like things will never get better." He denies the symptoms of mania. You chart the symptoms that Mr. Bender acknowledges:

*--depressed mood
S --sleep disturbance
I --anhedonia
G --worthlessness
E --decreased energy
C --(not present)
A --change in appetite and weight loss
P --psychomotor retardation

  1. What is your working diagnosis for Mr. Bender?
  2. There is one very important question that all patients demonstrating symptoms of depression must be asked. What is that question we failed to ask Mr. Bender? Why is it important to ask about this?
  3. Should details regarding the patient's suicidal ideation be included in the medical record?
  4. What is the mortality risk with a Major Depressive Disorder?
  5. What other questions should we ask the patient?

Past History

Past Psychiatric History- The patient describes passive thoughts of dying, as well as sleep disturbance and feelings of worthlessness after his appendectomy at age 26 -- these symptoms lasted "a few months" and cleared up after his family physician prescribed "a pill that helped me sleep." He also acknowledged depressed mood, anhedonia and decreased energy while his wife was pregnant with their son -- he sought no treatment for these symptoms, which resolved over 4-5 months. He has never been evaluated by a psychiatrist. He has never participated in counseling or therapy. There is no history of psychiatric hospitalizations. Mr. Bender denies a history of suicide attempts.

Family Psychiatric History - The patient's mother "used to take something for her nerves." There is no FHx of psychiatric hospitalizations or suicide attempts.

  1. Why is it important to thoroughly assess a patient's Past Psychiatric History?
  2. Why is it important to inquire into a patient's Family Psychiatric History?
  3. While this patient clearly meets the criteria for MDD, what items should be included in the differential diagnosis? Be sure to include diagnostic considerations for people from all age groups.
  4. What laboratory studies should be done at this time?
  5. What is the prevalence of MDD?
  6. What are the risk factors for MDD?
  7. At this point, you are ready to propose your treatment plan to Mr. Bender. What are the components you should include in treating Mr. Bender's depression?
  8. What should be the goal when treating Major Depression Disorder?
  9. What types of psychotherapy are available for treating MDD?
  10. What neurotransmitters are implicated in depression? What do they help control?
  11. What antidepressant medication groups are available? How do they work?
  12. What follow-up should be arranged for your patient?

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