A Smart Patient's Guide to Surgery

Having surgery can be one of life's most traumatic events. In addition to fearing the unknown, most people feel they have no control over the circumstances or results. But nothing could be further from the truth. In fact, patients facing an operation can do many things to help themselves.

Operation Information

By following these tips, you'll become an active participant in your own healthcare.

Be honest about your habits. One of the questions you'll be asked before surgery is whether you smoke or drink---and if so, how much. Although patients are usually accurate about cigarettes, they frequently underreport their alcohol intake. When a surgeon asks about your drinking habits, it's not to be critical. This information is important in determining the type and amount of anesthesia that will be used.

Report all medications. You should inform your surgeon of all medications you're taking, including over-the-counter remedies. Patients often forget to mention everyday medicines such as aspirin.  Even one aspirin can prolong bleeding time, possibly resulting in complications. And certain dietary supplements such as DHEA can interfere with the muscle relaxants used during surgery.  To make sure you itemize all your medications, prepare a written list before meeting with your doctor.

Know your history. Your doctor needs to know as much as possible about your medical history, including any adverse reactions you've had to anesthesia or other medications. Food allergies are also important because certain anesthetics can trigger cross-reactions in individuals who are sensitive to soy, eggs and certain other consumables. And don't forget to tell your doctor about relatives who have experienced difficulties during surgery.

Planning Ahead

Once you've shared this information with your doctor, it's time to plan ahead for the realities of surgery. You can do so in the following ways:

Follow the rules. You should not eat or drink anything for eight hours prior to your operation. This will prevent you from breathing regurgitated stomach contents into your lungs.

Anticipate blood transfusions. If your surgeon says you may need a transfusion, you have three options. You can donate blood for your own use, ask family and friends to donate blood for you, or use the blood given by community donors. Whatever your choice, you must make this decision well in advance of your surgery.

Prepare for your homecoming. Before you have your operation, you should understand how to care for yourself when you return home. This includes when to use pain medication, which foods you can eat and what activities are allowed. You should also stock up on food, prescriptions and other supplies so your homecoming is as stress-free as possible.

Be realistic. Expect to be groggy from anesthesia for at least 24 hours after surgery. If you're an outpatient, it's important to make arrangements for someone to drive you home and take care of you afterward. You may need help eating, taking medication and getting to the bathroom for several hours after surgery. Planning for a safe homecoming is one of the most important things a patient can do.