Patient Resources

Risk Factors of Heart Disease - Controllable Factors

Smoking

Smoking has been associated with decreased levels of the "good" cholesterol, HDL. It also increases the tendency for blood to clot through increased platelet aggregation and fibrinogen levels. Heavy smokers have a 2-4 times higher risk of having a heart attack than non-smokers. If you smoke quit now. Although you've heard it before you need to hear it again. Quitting is one of the best things you can do for your body in its fight against not only CHD, but other health problems as well. Two years after you quit your body's ability to fight heart disease will be nearly that of someone who never smoked. To some extent we seem to be winning the war against smoking, at least in middle-aged men where the rate is down. Women, however, and especially teenager girls, are smoking more today than ever.

Cholesterol

For years you've heard about the dangers of having a high cholesterol level, or eating foods high in fats and cholesterol.

High Blood Pressure

If your blood pressure is greater than 140 systolic (top number) or greater than 90 diastolic (bottom number) your chances of developing CHD are increased.

Obesity

Being overweight also is an enemy against you in your battle against CHD, especially when the abdomen is particularly involved. The results of obesity are increased risks of high blood pressure, high levels of total cholesterol, and a lowering effect on HDL cholesterol, the "good" cholesterol. Obesity also predisposes individuals to developing diabetes.

Physical Inactivity

Exercise increases the number of calories your body consumes, decreasing the likelihood that you'll be overweight. Some studies have also shown that regular exercise increases HDL cholesterol, the good cholesterol. It also lowers the heart rate and blood pressure. And if you're diabetic, it can improve insulin utilization. Exercising will help your body fight against CHD in many ways.