Epidural
What is it?
An epidural is a type of regional anesthesia used to
prevent pain by numbing the area around the spine. It is
called an epidural because the anesthetic is injected into
the epidural space, which surrounds the spinal cord.
Who needs this procedure?
Epidurals are used to prevent a patient from feeling
pain, while remaining awake and aware, during surgical or
medical procedures that involve areas of the body ranging
from the upper part of the abdomen to the lower legs. They
are commonly used to control pain during labor and
delivery, and to block pain for delivery by Caesarean
section.
How do I prepare for this procedure?
Any special preparations depend upon the type of
procedure you are having. Your doctor will explain the
procedure to you and provide you with guidelines for
preparation.
How is this procedure performed?
You will be given an I.V., which is used to deliver
fluids to your body through a vein (intravenously). Your
blood pressure will be closely monitored because epidurals
can cause a drop in blood pressure. If you are in labor,
your baby’s heartrate will be monitored using a fetal
monitor, which is placed around your abdomen. A tube
called a catheter may be inserted into your bladder to
drain urine while you are under the effects of the
anesthesia. Although your position may vary depending upon
your anesthesiologist’s preference, you will most likely
lie on your side with your knees drawn up to your chest.
Then, the anesthesiologist will cleanse and numb an area
on your lower back and place a needle attached to a hollow
tube called a catheter into the epidural space. You must
remain completely still while the needle is inserted. Once
the anesthesiologist is sure the needle is in the proper
position, the needle is removed and the tube is taped
securely to your back. At this time, you can change your
position. The anesthesia is injected into the tube and can
be reinjected as needed throughout labor and delivery or a
surgical procedure. An epidural creates numbness from the
abdominal area down to the legs, depending upon how much
anesthesia is administered. You may be unable to move your
legs at all. There are variations of the basic epidural
that include a narcotic to assist with pain relief and
reduce the amount of epidural anesthesia needed, providing
the patient with more muscle control during labor and
delivery.
What can I expect after the procedure?
Most patients experience no side effects after an
epidural. You may, however, feel some minor discomfort
around the needle insertion area. Some patients experience
what is called a postdural puncture headache, fever, and
low blood pressure. An allergic reaction to the anesthetic
is indicated by nausea and vomiting.
This information has been designed as a comprehensive and quick reference
guide written by our health care reviewers. The health information written
by our authors is intended to be a supplement to the care provided by your
physician. It is not intended nor implied to be a substitute for
professional medical advice.
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