Psychosis
What is it?
Psychosis is a severe mental disorder that is
characterized by a loss of contact with reality, changes
in personality, and difficulty with social functioning.
Who gets it?
Psychosis occurs in a small number of children - fewer
than 1 out of every 1,000 - during mid-adolescence.
What causes it?
Psychosis can be caused by extreme stress and emotions,
as well as the abuse of substances such as cocaine or
other illegal drugs. Although this condition can be
temporary when brought on by some external event, it can
also be a component of a lifelong condition such as
schizophrenia.
What are the symptoms?
The symptoms of psychosis include depression,
delusions, hallucinations, violent or destructive
behavior, and withdrawal from social activities. Psychotic
children may attempt suicide, exhibit an absence of
emotion, and indulge in uncharacteristic behaviors, such
as stealing or sexual promiscuity.
How is it diagnosed?
A doctor can diagnose psychosis by its symptoms. It is
important to diagnose this condition early so that
treatment can begin.
What is the treatment?
Psychosis is treated with antipsychotic drugs such as
haloperidol, chlorpromazine, and flupenthixol. Children
with symptoms of depression are also treated with
antidepressants, which might include a class of drugs
called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) or
monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). Psychiatric therapy
is an important part of treatment, and can help the child
and his or her family learn to recognize the stresses that
contribute to this condition and to develop strategies for
managing this illness. Severe cases may require periods of
hospitalization.
Self-care tips
It is important for a child suffering from psychosis to
take his or her prescribed medications at regular
intervals. With treatment, a child with psychosis can and
should be encouraged to participate in normal activities
at home and school.
This information has been designed as a comprehensive and quick reference
guide written by our health care reviewers. The health information written
by our authors is intended to be a supplement to the care provided by your
physician. It is not intended nor implied to be a substitute for
professional medical advice.
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